import tkinter as tk from tkinter import ttk, messagebox, font import serial import serial.tools.list_ports import threading import time import struct import paho.mqtt.client as mqtt from datetime import datetime import json import logging import binascii # 配置日志 logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO, format='%(asctime)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s') logger = logging.getLogger(__name__) class SensorMQTTApp: def __init__(self, root): self.root = root self.root.title("气体浓度监测系统") self.root.geometry("800x600") self.root.configure(bg='#f0f0f0') # 变量初始化 self.serial_port = None self.is_collecting = False self.is_uploading = False self.sensor_responded = False self.upload_success = False self.data_points = [] self.sample_interval = 5 self.current_concentration = 0 # MQTT客户端 self.mqtt_client = None self.mqtt_testing = False self.setup_ui() self.refresh_serial_ports() def setup_ui(self): # 设置主题样式 style = ttk.Style() style.theme_use('clam') # 主框架 main_frame = ttk.Frame(self.root, padding="8") main_frame.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky=(tk.W, tk.E, tk.N, tk.S)) # 标题 title_label = tk.Label(main_frame, text="气体浓度实时监测系统", font=('Arial', 16, 'bold'), fg='#2c3e50', bg='#f0f0f0') title_label.grid(row=0, column=0, columnspan=3, pady=(0, 10)) # 配置区域（三列布局） config_frame = ttk.Frame(main_frame) config_frame.grid(row=1, column=0, columnspan=3, sticky=(tk.W, tk.E, tk.N), pady=(0, 10)) # 第一列：串口设置 serial_frame = ttk.LabelFrame(config_frame, text="串口设置", padding="8") serial_frame.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky=(tk.W, tk.E, tk.N, tk.S), padx=(0, 5)) # 串口号 ttk.Label(serial_frame, text="串口号:", font=('Arial', 9)).grid(row=0, column=0, sticky=tk.W, pady=3) self.port_var = tk.StringVar() self.port_combo = ttk.Combobox(serial_frame, textvariable=self.port_var, width=15, state='readonly') self.port_combo.grid(row=0, column=1, sticky=tk.W, pady=3, padx=(5, 0)) # 波特率 ttk.Label(serial_frame, text="波特率:", font=('Arial', 9)).grid(row=1, column=0, sticky=tk.W, pady=3) self.baudrate_var = tk.StringVar(value="19200") baudrate_combo = ttk.Combobox(serial_frame, textvariable=self.baudrate_var, values=["9600", "19200", "38400", "57600", "115200"], width=15, state='readonly') baudrate_combo.grid(row=1, column=1, sticky=tk.W, pady=3, padx=(5, 0)) # 设备地址 ttk.Label(serial_frame, text="设备地址:", font=('Arial', 9)).grid(row=2, column=0, sticky=tk.W, pady=3) self.address_var = tk.StringVar(value="1") address_spin = ttk.Spinbox(serial_frame, from_=0, to=255, textvariable=self.address_var, width=15) address_spin.grid(row=2, column=1, sticky=tk.W, pady=3, padx=(5, 0)) # 采样间隔 ttk.Label(serial_frame, text="采样间隔(秒):", font=('Arial', 9)).grid(row=3, column=0, sticky=tk.W, pady=3) self.interval_var = tk.StringVar(value="5") interval_spin = ttk.Spinbox(serial_frame, from_=1, to=3600, textvariable=self.interval_var, width=15) interval_spin.grid(row=3, column=1, sticky=tk.W, pady=3, padx=(5, 0)) # 第二列：云服务设置（加宽文本框） mqtt_frame = ttk.LabelFrame(config_frame, text="云服务设置", padding="8") mqtt_frame.grid(row=0, column=1, sticky=(tk.W, tk.E, tk.N, tk.S), padx=(5, 5)) # MQTT服务器地址 ttk.Label(mqtt_frame, text="服务器地址:", font=('Arial', 9)).grid(row=0, column=0, sticky=tk.W, pady=3) self.mqtt_broker_var = tk.StringVar(value="122.112.229.121") ttk.Entry(mqtt_frame, textvariable=self.mqtt_broker_var, width=20).grid(row=0, column=1, sticky=tk.W, pady=3, padx=(5, 0)) # MQTT端口 ttk.Label(mqtt_frame, text="端口:", font=('Arial', 9)).grid(row=1, column=0, sticky=tk.W, pady=3) self.mqtt_port_var = tk.StringVar(value="1883") ttk.Entry(mqtt_frame, textvariable=self.mqtt_port_var, width=20).grid(row=1, column=1, sticky=tk.W, pady=3, padx=(5, 0)) # MQTT主题（加宽文本框） ttk.Label(mqtt_frame, text="主题:", font=('Arial', 9)).grid(row=2, column=0, sticky=tk.W, pady=3) self.mqtt_topic_var = tk.StringVar(value="xiaofang/test") ttk.Entry(mqtt_frame, textvariable=self.mqtt_topic_var, width=20).grid(row=2, column=1, sticky=tk.W, pady=3, padx=(5, 0)) # MQTT用户名 ttk.Label(mqtt_frame, text="用户名:", font=('Arial', 9)).grid(row=3, column=0, sticky=tk.W, pady=3) self.mqtt_username_var = tk.StringVar(value="xiaofang") ttk.Entry(mqtt_frame, textvariable=self.mqtt_username_var, width=20).grid(row=3, column=1, sticky=tk.W, pady=3, padx=(5, 0)) # MQTT密码 ttk.Label(mqtt_frame, text="密码:", font=('Arial', 9)).grid(row=4, column=0, sticky=tk.W, pady=3) self.mqtt_password_var = tk.StringVar(value="xiaofang@qwer") ttk.Entry(mqtt_frame, textvariable=self.mqtt_password_var, show="*", width=20).grid(row=4, column=1, sticky=tk.W, pady=3, padx=(5, 0)) # 第三列：按钮容器和系统状态 right_column_frame = ttk.Frame(config_frame) right_column_frame.grid(row=0, column=2, sticky=(tk.W, tk.E, tk.N, tk.S), padx=(5, 5)) # 按钮容器（上下顺序排列） button_container = ttk.LabelFrame(right_column_frame, text="操作控制", padding="8") button_container.grid(row=0, column=2, sticky=(tk.W, tk.E, tk.N), padx=(5, 0)) # 测试MQTT连接按钮 self.test_mqtt_btn = ttk.Button(button_container, text="测试连接", command=self.start_mqtt_test, width=15) self.test_mqtt_btn.pack(pady=5) # 数据采集按钮 self.collect_btn = ttk.Button(button_container, text="开始采集", command=self.toggle_collection, width=15) self.collect_btn.pack(pady=5) # 数据上传按钮 self.upload_btn = ttk.Button(button_container, text="开始上传", command=self.toggle_upload, width=15) self.upload_btn.pack(pady=5) # 系统状态（上下排列） status_frame = ttk.LabelFrame(right_column_frame, text="系统状态", padding="8") status_frame.grid(row=0, column=3, sticky=(tk.W, tk.E, tk.N, tk.S), padx=(5, 5)) # 传感器状态（上下排列） sensor_status_frame = ttk.Frame(status_frame) sensor_status_frame.pack(fill=tk.X, pady=3) ttk.Label(sensor_status_frame, text="传感器:", font=('Arial', 9)).pack(side=tk.LEFT) self.sensor_status = tk.Label(sensor_status_frame, text="●", fg="red", font=("Arial", 12, "bold")) self.sensor_status.pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=(5, 5)) self.sensor_status_text = ttk.Label(sensor_status_frame, text="未连接", font=('Arial', 9)) self.sensor_status_text.pack(side=tk.LEFT) # 云服务状态（上下排列） upload_status_frame = ttk.Frame(status_frame) upload_status_frame.pack(fill=tk.X, pady=3) ttk.Label(upload_status_frame, text="云服务:", font=('Arial', 9)).pack(side=tk.LEFT) self.upload_status = tk.Label(upload_status_frame, text="●", fg="red", font=("Arial", 12, "bold")) self.upload_status.pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=(5, 5)) self.upload_status_text = ttk.Label(upload_status_frame, text="未连接", font=('Arial', 9)) self.upload_status_text.pack(side=tk.LEFT) # 网络状态（上下排列） network_status_frame = ttk.Frame(status_frame) network_status_frame.pack(fill=tk.X, pady=3) ttk.Label(network_status_frame, text="网 络:", font=('Arial', 9)).pack(side=tk.LEFT) self.mqtt_test_status = tk.Label(network_status_frame, text="●", fg="gray", font=("Arial", 12, "bold")) self.mqtt_test_status.pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=(5, 5)) self.mqtt_test_status_text = ttk.Label(network_status_frame, text="未测试", font=('Arial', 9)) self.mqtt_test_status_text.pack(side=tk.LEFT) # 浓度显示区域（跨三列，和数据记录一样宽） display_frame = ttk.LabelFrame(main_frame, text="实时浓度监测", padding="12") display_frame.grid(row=2, column=0, columnspan=3, sticky=(tk.W, tk.E, tk.N, tk.S), pady=(0, 10)) # 浓度值显示（超大字体，宽度与数据记录一致） self.concentration_var = tk.StringVar(value="0") concentration_label = tk.Label(display_frame, textvariable=self.concentration_var, font=('Arial', 36, 'bold'), fg='#2c3e50', bg='white', relief='sunken', bd=2, width=25, height=2) concentration_label.pack(pady=10) # 单位标签和更新时间 info_frame = ttk.Frame(display_frame) info_frame.pack() unit_label = tk.Label(info_frame, text="ppm", font=('Arial', 14), fg='#7f8c8d') unit_label.pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=(0, 20)) self.update_time_var = tk.StringVar(value="未更新") time_label = tk.Label(info_frame, textvariable=self.update_time_var, font=('Arial', 9), fg='#95a5a6') time_label.pack(side=tk.LEFT) # 历史数据区域（跨三列，和浓度显示一样宽） history_frame = ttk.LabelFrame(main_frame, text="最近数据记录", padding="6") history_frame.grid(row=3, column=0, columnspan=3, sticky=(tk.W, tk.E, tk.N, tk.S)) # 创建历史数据文本框（宽度与浓度显示一致） self.history_text = tk.Text(history_frame, height=4, width=60, font=('Consolas', 9), bg='#f8f9fa', relief='sunken', bd=1) scrollbar = ttk.Scrollbar(history_frame, orient=tk.VERTICAL, command=self.history_text.yview) self.history_text.configure(yscrollcommand=scrollbar.set) self.history_text.pack(side=tk.LEFT, fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True) scrollbar.pack(side=tk.RIGHT, fill=tk.Y) # 配置权重 self.root.columnconfigure(0, weight=1) self.root.rowconfigure(0, weight=1) main_frame.columnconfigure(0, weight=1) main_frame.columnconfigure(1, weight=1) main_frame.columnconfigure(2, weight=1) main_frame.rowconfigure(2, weight=1) # 浓度显示区域 main_frame.rowconfigure(3, weight=1) # 历史数据区域 config_frame.columnconfigure(0, weight=1) config_frame.columnconfigure(1, weight=2) # 云服务设置更宽 config_frame.columnconfigure(2, weight=1) serial_frame.columnconfigure(1, weight=1) mqtt_frame.columnconfigure(1, weight=1) right_column_frame.columnconfigure(0, weight=1) display_frame.columnconfigure(0, weight=1) history_frame.columnconfigure(0, weight=1) history_frame.rowconfigure(0, weight=1) def refresh_serial_ports(self): """刷新可用串口列表（只在启动时调用一次）""" ports = serial.tools.list_ports.comports() port_list = [port.device for port in ports] self.port_combo['values'] = port_list if port_list: self.port_combo.current(0) def calculate_crc16(self, data): """计算Modbus CRC16校验""" crc = 0xFFFF for byte in data: crc ^= byte for _ in range(8): if crc & 0x0001: crc = (crc >> 1) ^ 0xA001 else: crc = crc >> 1 return crc def start_mqtt_test(self): """启动MQTT连接测试""" if self.mqtt_testing: return self.mqtt_testing = True self.test_mqtt_btn.config(state="disabled", text="测试中...") self.mqtt_test_status.config(fg="yellow") self.mqtt_test_status_text.config(text="测试中") test_thread = threading.Thread(target=self.test_mqtt_connection_thread, daemon=True) test_thread.start() def test_mqtt_connection_thread(self): """在单独线程中测试MQTT连接""" try: client = mqtt.Client() connected = False def on_connect(client, userdata, flags, rc): nonlocal connected connected = (rc == 0) client.on_connect = on_connect username = self.mqtt_username_var.get() password = self.mqtt_password_var.get() if username and password: client.username_pw_set(username, password) client.connect(self.mqtt_broker_var.get(), int(self.mqtt_port_var.get()), 5) client.loop_start() timeout = 5 start_time = time.time() while not connected and time.time() - start_time < timeout: time.sleep(0.1) client.loop_stop() client.disconnect() if connected: self.root.after(0, self.on_mqtt_test_success) else: self.root.after(0, lambda: self.on_mqtt_test_failure("连接失败")) except Exception as e: self.root.after(0, lambda: self.on_mqtt_test_failure(str(e))) def on_mqtt_test_success(self): """MQTT测试成功回调""" self.mqtt_testing = False self.test_mqtt_btn.config(state="normal", text="测试连接") self.mqtt_test_status.config(fg="green") self.mqtt_test_status_text.config(text="已连接") messagebox.showinfo("成功", "MQTT连接测试成功！") def on_mqtt_test_failure(self, error_msg): """MQTT测试失败回调""" self.mqtt_testing = False self.test_mqtt_btn.config(state="normal", text="测试连接") self.mqtt_test_status.config(fg="red") self.mqtt_test_status_text.config(text="连接失败") messagebox.showerror("错误", f"MQTT连接测试失败: {error_msg}") def build_modbus_command(self, address): """构建Modbus读取命令""" command = bytearray([ address, 0x04, 0x05, 0x20, 0x00, 0x02 ]) crc = self.calculate_crc16(command) command.extend([crc & 0xFF, (crc >> 8) & 0xFF]) return command def parse_sensor_data(self, response): """解析传感器返回数据""" try: if len(response) >= 9: if response[0] == int(self.address_var.get()) and response[1] == 0x04: data_bytes = response[3:7] concentration = struct.unpack('>i', data_bytes)[0] return concentration return None except Exception as e: logger.error(f"解析传感器数据错误: {e}") return None def read_sensor_data(self): """读取传感器数据""" try: if not self.serial_port or not self.serial_port.is_open: return None address = int(self.address_var.get()) command = self.build_modbus_command(address) self.serial_port.reset_input_buffer() self.serial_port.write(command) time.sleep(0.1) if self.serial_port.in_waiting > 0: response = self.serial_port.read(self.serial_port.in_waiting) concentration = self.parse_sensor_data(response) if concentration is not None: self.current_concentration = concentration self.sensor_responded = True self.sensor_status.config(fg="green") self.sensor_status_text.config(text="已连接") # 更新显示 self.update_display(concentration) # 添加到历史数据 self.add_to_history(concentration) # 如果上传功能开启，上传数据 if self.is_uploading and self.mqtt_client: self.upload_to_mqtt(concentration) return concentration else: self.sensor_responded = False self.sensor_status.config(fg="red") self.sensor_status_text.config(text="无响应") else: self.sensor_responded = False self.sensor_status.config(fg="red") self.sensor_status_text.config(text="无响应") except Exception as e: logger.error(f"读取传感器数据错误: {e}") self.sensor_responded = False self.sensor_status.config(fg="red") self.sensor_status_text.config(text="错误") return None def update_display(self, concentration): """更新显示""" self.concentration_var.set(str(concentration)) current_time = datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S") self.update_time_var.set(f"最后更新: {current_time}") def add_to_history(self, concentration): """添加到历史记录""" current_time = datetime.now().strftime("%H:%M:%S") history_entry = f"{current_time} - {concentration} ppm\n" # 添加到文本框开头 self.history_text.insert('1.0', history_entry) # 限制历史记录条数 lines = self.history_text.get('1.0', 'end').count('\n') if lines > 10: self.history_text.delete('10.0', 'end') def upload_to_mqtt(self, concentration): """上传数据到MQTT""" try: if self.mqtt_client: result = self.mqtt_client.publish( self.mqtt_topic_var.get(), str(concentration) ) if result.rc == mqtt.MQTT_ERR_SUCCESS: self.upload_success = True self.upload_status.config(fg="green") self.upload_status_text.config(text="已连接") else: self.upload_success = False self.upload_status.config(fg="red") self.upload_status_text.config(text="发送失败") except Exception as e: logger.error(f"MQTT上传错误: {e}") self.upload_success = False self.upload_status.config(fg="red") self.upload_status_text.config(text="错误") def connect_mqtt(self): """连接MQTT服务器""" try: self.mqtt_client = mqtt.Client() self.mqtt_client.username_pw_set( self.mqtt_username_var.get(), self.mqtt_password_var.get() ) def on_connect(client, userdata, flags, rc): if rc == 0: logger.info("MQTT连接成功") self.upload_status.config(fg="green") self.upload_status_text.config(text="已连接") else: logger.error(f"MQTT连接失败，错误代码: {rc}") self.upload_status.config(fg="red") self.upload_status_text.config(text="连接失败") self.mqtt_client.on_connect = on_connect self.mqtt_client.connect( self.mqtt_broker_var.get(), int(self.mqtt_port_var.get()), 60 ) self.mqtt_client.loop_start() except Exception as e: logger.error(f"MQTT连接错误: {e}") messagebox.showerror("错误", f"MQTT连接失败: {str(e)}") def disconnect_mqtt(self): """断开MQTT连接""" if self.mqtt_client: self.mqtt_client.loop_stop() self.mqtt_client.disconnect() self.mqtt_client = None logger.info("MQTT连接已断开") self.upload_status.config(fg="red") self.upload_status_text.config(text="未连接") def toggle_collection(self): """切换数据采集状态""" if not self.is_collecting: try: port = self.port_var.get() if not port: messagebox.showwarning("警告", "请选择串口号") return baudrate = int(self.baudrate_var.get()) self.serial_port = serial.Serial(port, baudrate, timeout=1) self.is_collecting = True self.collect_btn.config(text="停止采集") # 更新状态显示 self.sensor_status.config(fg="green") self.sensor_status_text.config(text="已连接") # 启动采集线程 self.collection_thread = threading.Thread(target=self.collection_loop, daemon=True) self.collection_thread.start() except Exception as e: messagebox.showerror("错误", f"打开串口失败: {str(e)}") self.is_collecting = False self.collect_btn.config(text="开始采集") self.sensor_status.config(fg="red") self.sensor_status_text.config(text="错误") else: self.is_collecting = False self.collect_btn.config(text="开始采集") if self.serial_port: self.serial_port.close() self.serial_port = None # 更新状态显示 self.sensor_status.config(fg="red") self.sensor_status_text.config(text="未连接") def toggle_upload(self): """切换数据上传状态""" if not self.is_uploading: try: self.connect_mqtt() self.is_uploading = True self.upload_btn.config(text="停止上传") except Exception as e: messagebox.showerror("错误", f"启动上传失败: {str(e)}") self.is_uploading = False self.upload_btn.config(text="开始上传") else: self.is_uploading = False self.upload_btn.config(text="开始上传") self.disconnect_mqtt() def collection_loop(self): """数据采集循环""" while self.is_collecting: try: self.read_sensor_data() interval = int(self.interval_var.get()) time.sleep(interval) except Exception as e: logger.error(f"采集循环错误: {e}") time.sleep(1) def on_closing(self): """程序关闭时的清理工作""" self.is_collecting = False self.is_uploading = False if self.serial_port: self.serial_port.close() if self.mqtt_client: self.disconnect_mqtt() self.root.destroy() def main(): root = tk.Tk() app = SensorMQTTApp(root) root.protocol("WM_DELETE_WINDOW", app.on_closing) root.mainloop() if __name__ == "__main__": main()